New features generally require more transistors, each of which uses power.Reducing the clock rate or undervolting usually reduces energy consumption it is also possible to undervolt the microprocessor while keeping the clock rate the same. For a given device, operating at a higher clock rate may require more power. There are a number of engineering reasons for this pattern: Some other CPU implementations use very little power for example, the CPUs in mobile phones often use just a few watts of electricity, while some microcontrollers used in embedded systems may consume only a few milliwatts or even as little as a few microwatts. Current CPUs in general-purpose personal computers, such as desktops and laptops, consume power in the order of tens to hundred of watts. Historically, early CPUs implemented with vacuum tubes consumed power on the order of many kilowatts. Designing CPUs that perform tasks efficiently without overheating is a major consideration of nearly all CPU manufacturers to date.
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